Moxonidine

Indications
 Oral
Hypertension
Adult: 200 mcg once daily, increase if necessary after 3 wk to 400 mcg daily as single or in 2 divided doses. If necessary, after a further 3 wk, increase to 600 mcg daily in 2 divided doses. Max: 600 mcg daily.
CrCl (ml/min)Dosage Recommendation
30-60Single dose should not exceed 200 mcg. Max daily dose 400 mcg.
<30Avoid


Special Populations: Dose reduction in renal impairment.
Contraindications
 Conduction disorders; bradycardia; severe arrhythmias; severe heart failure; severe ischaemic heart disease; history of angioedema; severe liver or renal impairment; Raynaud's syndrome; intermittent claudication; epilepsy; depression; Parkinson's disease; glaucoma. Pregnancy and lactation.
Warnings / Precautions
 Renal impairment; avoid abrupt withdrawal (if concomitant treatment with β-blocker has to be stopped, discontinue β-blocker first, then moxonidine after few days).
Adverse Reactions
 Dry mouth; headache; fatigue; dizziness; nausea; sleep disturbances; asthenia; vasodilatation; skin reactions; constipation; depression; anxiety; anorexia; parotid pain; vivid dreams; impotence and loss of libido; urinary retention or incontinence; slight orthostastic hypotension; fluid retention.
Drug Interactions
 Additive effects with other antihypertensives; may increase sedative effects of benzodiazepines. Effects may be antagonised by TCAs.
See Below for More moxonidine Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Moxonidine is a centrally-acting antihypertensive. It acts in the brainstem through stimulation of central imidazoline receptors to reduce sympathetic tone. Moxonidine also has a low affinity for α2-adrenoceptors.
Absorption: Absorbed rapidly from the GI tract.
Distribution: Plasma protein binding around 7%; present in breast milk.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine (78% as unchanged drug).
Administration
 May be taken with or without food.
ATC Classification
 C02AC05 - moxonidine ; Belongs to the class of imidazoline receptor agonists, centrally-acting antiadrenergic agents. Used in the treatment of hypertension.
Available As
  • Moxonidine 0.2 mg
  • Moxonidine 0.3 mg

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