Glucagon

Indications
 Parenteral
Severe hypoglycaemia
Adult: 1 mg (0.5 mg for patients <25 kg) given as SC, IM or IV. If no response within 10 minutes, then IV glucose should be given. Glucagon dose may be repeated if necessary.
Parenteral
As a diagnostic aid in the radiologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract
Adult: 1-2 mg IM or 0.2-2 mg IV inj.
Contraindications
 Phaeochromocytoma; hypersensitivity.
Warnings / Precautions
 Ineffective in chronic hypoglycaemia, alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia, starvation and adrenal insufficiency; diagnostic aid in diabetic patients or in elderly with heart disease. Insulinoma; glucagonoma. Monitor prothrombin time and adjust oral anticoagulant dosage. Pregnancy.
Adverse Reactions
 Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea.
Potentially Fatal: Hypokalaemia.
Drug Interactions
 May enhance anticoagulant effect of oral anticoagulants e.g. warfarin.
See Below for More glucagon Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Glucagon is a polypeptide that is produced by α cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It acts by stimulating adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP thus promoting hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis causing an increase in blood-glucose levels.
Onset: 5-20 minutes (IV); 30 minutes (IM); 30-45 minutes (SC).
Duration: 30 minutes (IV); 60-90 minutes (SC).
Metabolism: Mainly hepatic; some inactivation in kidneys and plasma.
Excretion: 8-18 minutes (plasma half-life).
Storage Conditions
 Parenteral: Store at 20-25°C.
ATC Classification
 H04AA01 - glucagon ; Belongs to the class of glycogenolytic hormones. Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia.
Storage
 Parenteral: Store at 20-25°C.
Available As
  • Glucagon 1 mg

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