Indications |
Intravenous Oliguric phase of renal failure Adult: 50-100 g in a 24-hr period by IV infusion of a 5-25% solution. Adjust rate of administration to maintain a urine flow of at least 30-50 mL/hr. Child: 0.25-2 g/kg. Intravenous Cerebral oedema Adult: 0.25-2 g/kg by IV infusion of a 15-25% solution given over 30-60 minutes. Intravenous Reduction of raised intracranial pressure Adult: 0.25-2 g/kg by IV infusion of a 15-25% solution given over 30-60 minutes. Intravenous Reduction of raised intraocular pressure Adult: 0.25-2 g/kg by IV infusion of a 15-25% solution given over 30-60 minutes. Intravenous Renal function testing Adult: 0.2 g/kg infused over 3-5 min. Irrigation Transurethral prostatic resection Adult: Use 2.5-5% solution for bladder irrigation. |
Contraindications |
Pulmonary congestion or oedema; intracranial bleeding; CHF; metabolic oedema with abnormal capillary fragility; anuria due to severe renal disease; severe dehydration. |
Warnings / Precautions |
Hypervolaemia; urinary tract obstruction; check for signs of fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Should not be administered with whole blood. Pregnancy, lactation. |
Adverse Reactions |
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance; acidosis (with high doses). Nausea, vomiting, thirst; headache, dizziness, convulsions, chills, fever; tachycardia, chest pain; blurred vision; urticaria and hypotension or hypertension; acute renal failure; skin necrosis; thrombophloebitis. |
Drug Interactions |
Increased nephrotoxicity with ciclosporin. See Below for More mannitol Drug Interactions |
Mechanism of Actions |
Mannitol increases urinary output by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes. It raises the osmotic pressure of the plasma allowing water to be drawn out of body tissues. Onset: Diuresis: 1-3 hr. Reduction in intracerebral pressure: around 15 min. Duration: Reduction in intracerebral pressure: 1.5-6 hr. Absorption: Small amounts are absorbed from the GI tract. Distribution: Concentrated in extracellular compartments. It does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier nor the eye. Metabolism: Minimal hepatic metabolism, converted to glycogen. Excretion: Urine via the kidneys (unchanged drug). |
Storage Conditions |
Intravenous: Store at 20-25°C Irrigation: Store at 20-25°C |
ATC Classification |
A06AD16 - mannitol ; Belongs to the class of osmotically acting laxatives. B05BC01 - mannitol ; Belongs to the class of solutions producing osmotic diuresis used in I.V. solutions. B05CX04 - mannitol ; Belongs to the class of other solutions used as irrigating solutions. |
Storage |
Intravenous: Store at 20-25°C Irrigation: Store at 20-25°C |
Available As |
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Mannitol
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Mannitol Containing Brands
Mannitol is used in following diseases
Drug - Drug Interactions of Mannitol
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