Fluoride

Indications
 Oral
Prophylaxis of dental caries
Adult: Per loz contains 1 mg fluoride: 1 loz daily regardless of fluoride content of drinking water.
Child: Based on fluoride content of drinking water: Water-fluoride content <0.3 ppm: 6 mth-3 yr: 0.25 mg daily; 3-6 yr: 0.5 mg daily; >6 yr: 1 mg daily. Water-fluoride content 0.3-0.6 ppm: <3 yr: Not recommended; 3-6 yr: 0.25 mg daily; >6 yr: 0.5 mg daily. Tablets should be sucked or chewed before swallowing.
Topical/Cutaneous
Prophylaxis of dental caries
Adult: As 0.2% or 0.05% rinsing solutions: Rinse 10 mL once daily or wkly, preferably at bedtime after brushing the teeth. Rinse solution around and between teeth for 1 minute and spit after rinsing. As gel containing 1.1% sodium fluoride: Apply a thin layer of the gel to the teeth daily (preferably at bedtime after brushing the teeth) using a toothbrush or mouth tray for at least 1 minute and spit after application. For max benefit, do not eat, drink or rinse their mouth for at least 30 minutes after using the rinsing solution or dental gel.
Child: ≥6 yr: As 0.2% or 0.05% rinsing solutions: Rinse 10 mL once daily or wkly, preferably at bedtime after brushing the teeth. Rinse solution around and between teeth for 1 minute and spit after rinsing. As gel containing 1.1% sodium fluoride: Apply a thin layer of the gel to the teeth daily (preferably at bedtime after brushing the teeth) using a toothbrush or mouth tray for at least 1 minute and spit after application. Rinse the mouth thoroughly after spitting the gel.
Contraindications
 Not to use 1 mg tablets in children <3 yr of age or when drinking water fluoride content is ≥0.3 ppm.
Warnings / Precautions
 Prolonged treatment with large amounts of fluoride may result in dental fluorosis and osseous changes; do not exceed recommended dosage. Renal impairment. Pregnancy.
Adverse Reactions
 Hypersensitivity reactions, rash, nausea, vomiting. Products containing stannous fluoride may cause teeth staining.
Overdose Reactions
 In acute poisoning, symptoms include a salty or soapy taste, increased salivation, GI disturbances, abdominal pain, weakness, drowsiness, faintness and shallow breathing; more serious effects include hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperkalaemia, tremors, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, shock, respiratory arrest and cardiac failure. Death may occur within 2-4 hr. Treatment includes gastric lavage with lime water or a weak solution of another calcium salt to precipitate fluoride. Maintain high urine output, slow IV inj of calcium gluconate 10% may be used for hypocalcaemia and tetany. Magnesium sulfate may be given to treat hypomagnesaemia, and aluminium hydroxide may help to reduce fluoride absorption. Haemodialysis may be considered. Chronic fluoride poisoning may cause skeletal fluorosis resulting in bone pain, stiffness, limited movment and in severe cases, crippling deformities. In children, prolonged excessive intake during tooth development before eruption may cause dental fluorosis characterised by mottled enamel.
Drug Interactions
 Absorption of fluoride may be reduced by aluminium, calcium and magnesium salts.
See Below for More sodium fluoride Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Sodium fluoride is a cariostatic agent that is used to prevent dental caries. It can also be used as a source of fluoride in total parenteral nutrition.
Absorption: Well-absorbed from the GI tract. Inhaled fluorides are absorbed through the lungs.
Distribution: Crosses the placenta and enters the breast milk. Deposited mainly in teeth and bones but also present in saliva, nails and hair.
Excretion: Mainly in the urine, with small amounts appearing in sweat and faeces.
Storage Conditions
 Oral: Store in tight plastic containers. Topical/Cutaneous: Store in tight plastic containers.
ATC Classification
 A01AA01 - sodium fluoride ; Belongs to the class of caries prophylactic agents. Used for the prevention of dental cavities.
A12CD01 - sodium fluoride ; Belongs to the class of fluoride-containing preparations. Used as dietary supplements.
Storage
 Oral: Store in tight plastic containers. Topical/Cutaneous: Store in tight plastic containers.
Available As
  • Fluoride 0.05%
  • Fluoride 1358 mg
  • Fluoride 3 mg
  • Fluoride 917 ppm

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