Ephedrine

Indications
 Oral
Diabetic neuropathic oedema
Adult: 30-60 mg tid.
Child:
Intravenous
Reversal of spinal or epidural anaesthesia-induced hypotension
Adult: 3-6 mg or up to 9 mg in a 3 mg/mL soln given as slow Inj repeated every 3-4 min, as needed.
Max Dosage: 30 mg.
Contraindications
 Hypersensitivity. Hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, BPH. Lactation.
Warnings / Precautions
 Ischaemic heart disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, angle-closure glaucoma, renal impairment; prostatic enlargement; pregnancy, elderly.
Adverse Reactions
 Anxiety, tachycardia, tremor, dry mouth, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, impaired circulation to the extremities, nervousness, insomnia, palpitations. Difficulty in micturition in patients with prostatic enlargement. Nasal drops: Local irritation, rebound nasal congestion and drug-induced rhinitis on prolonged use.
Potentially Fatal: Delusions, hallucinations. Seen with hypersensitivity and overdosage. Acute CNS and CVS stimulation presenting as vomiting, fever, hypertension, psychosis. Cardiac arrhythmias.
Drug Interactions
 Reduces antihypertensive effect of bethanidine and guanethidine. May increase clearance of dexamethasone. Increased incidence of adverse effects when used with theophylline.
Potentially Fatal: Severe HTN when combined with MAOIs or withi 2 wk of discontinuance of MAOI treatment. Increased risk of arrhythmias with cardiac glycosides, quinidine or tricyclic antidepressants. Increased vasoconstriction or pressor effects with ergot alkaloids or oxytocin.
See Below for More ephedrine Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Ephedrine has both α- and β-adrenergic acitivity with pronounced stimulating effects on the CNS. It increases cardiac output, induces peripheral vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, reduces intestinal tone and motility, and relaxes the bladder while contracting the sphincter muscle. It also has stimulant action on the resp center and dilates the pupil witho affecting light reflexes.
Absorption: Readily and completely absorbed form the GIT (oral).
Metabolism: Hepatic.
Excretion: Via urine (largely as unchanged, small amounts of metabolites); 3-6 hrs (elimination half-life).
Administration
 May be taken with or without food.
Storage Conditions
 Intravenous: Store at 15-25°C. Oral: Store at 15-25°C.
ATC Classification
 R01AA03 - ephedrine ; Belongs to the class of topical sympathomimetic agents used as nasal decongestants.
R01AB05 - ephedrine ; Belongs to the class of topical sympathomimetic combination preparations, excluding corticosteroids. Used as nasal decongestants.
R03CA02 - ephedrine ; Belongs to the class of adrenergics for systemic use, alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists. Used in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases.
S01FB02 - ephedrine ; Belongs to the class of sympathomimetics used as mydriatics and cycloplegics.
Storage
 Intravenous: Store at 15-25°C. Oral: Store at 15-25°C.
Available As
  • Ephedrine 0.5%
  • Ephedrine 0.75%
  • Ephedrine Hcl 10 mg
  • Ephedrine 10 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl IP 10 mg
  • Ephedrine 100 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 12 mg
  • Ephedrine 12 mg
  • Ephedrine 15 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl IP 15 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 15 mg
  • Ephedrine 16 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 20 mg
  • Ephedrine 24 mg
  • Ephedrine 25 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 25 mg
  • Ephedrine 30 mg
  • Ephedrine 32 mg
  • Ephedrine 48 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 48 mg
  • Ephedrine 5 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl IP 5 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 5 mg
  • Ephedrine 50 mg
  • Ephedrine 6 mg
  • Ephedrine 7 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 7 mg
  • Ephedrine 7.2 mg
  • Ephedrine 7.5 mg
  • Ephedrine Hcl 8 mg
  • Ephedrine 8 mg

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