Disulfiram

Indications
 Oral
Adjunct in chronic alcoholism
Adult: 800 mg as a single dose on the 1st day of treatment, reduce dose by 200 mg daily. Maintenance: 100-200 mg daily.
Contraindications
 Hypersensitivity, CVS diseases; peripheral neuropathy, psychosis. Not to be used in patients with alcohol intoxication.
Warnings / Precautions
 Diabetes, epilepsy, hepatic/renal impairment, hypothyroidism, cerebral damage, elderly. Liver function and blood tests should be monitored regularly. Pregnancy and lactation.
Adverse Reactions
 Drowsiness, fatigue, lassitude, psychotic reactions, peripheral and optic neuropathies, hepatotoxicity, garlic-like or metallic after-taste, GI upset, body odour, bad breath, headache, impotence.
Potentially Fatal: Respiratory depression, CV collapse, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, acute CHF, convulsions, sudden death.
Drug Interactions
 Inhibits hepatic enzymes thus interferes with metabolism of other drugs; enhances anticoagulant effects of phenytoin and coumarin. Adverse CNS effects may be precipitated with concurrent metronidazole, INH or MAOI therapy. Tricyclic antidepressants exacerbate symptoms of disulfiram alcohol reaction.
Potentially Fatal: Disulfiram alcohol interaction: Intense flushing of neck and face accompanied by heat and sweating, tachycardia, palpitation, dyspnoea, dizziness, headache, HTN initially and then hypotension; GI disturbances, exhaustion, convulsions and cardiopulmonary arrest.
See Below for More disulfiram Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Disulfiram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, the oxidative enzyme of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol. The latter is accumulated in the blood, thus producing unpleasant symptoms of disulfiram-alcohol reaction when a patient has taken small amounts of alcohol.
Onset: 12 hrs.
Duration: 1-2 wk after last dose.
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the GIT; peak plasma concentrations after 8-10 hrs (oral).
Metabolism: Reduction to diethyldithiocarbamate by the glutathione reductase system in the erythrocytes.
Excretion: Urine (as metabolites); exhaled gas (carbon disulphide).
Administration
 May be taken with or without food.
Storage Conditions
 Oral: Store at 15-30°C.
ATC Classification
 N07BB01 - disulfiram ; Belongs to the class of drugs used in the management of alcohol dependence.
P03AA04 - disulfiram ; Belongs to the class of sulfur-containing agents used as ectoparasiticides.
Storage
 Oral: Store at 15-30°C.
Available As
  • Disulfiram 200 mg
  • Disulfiram 250 mg
  • Disulfiram 500 mg

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    One Response to Disulfiram

    1. March 27, 2014 at 1:05 am #

      i have heard that dizone tablets are very dangerous for liver and brain

      Reply

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