Dicloxacillin

Indications
 Oral
Staphylococcal infections resistant to benzylpenicillin
Adult: 125-250 mg every 6 hr, doses may be doubled in severe infections.
Child: 12.5-25 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses.
Contraindications
 Hypersensitivity to penicillins.
Warnings / Precautions
 Very high doses in poor renal function (risk of neurotoxicity) or heart failure. Skin sensitization may occur on direct contact. Monitor serum K concentration, renal and hematological status. Spirochete infections particularly syphilis; suprainfection with penicillin-resistant organisms with prolonged use; avoid intrathecal route; elderly; porphyria.
Adverse Reactions
 Hypersensitivity reactions including uticaria; fever; joint pains; rashes; angioedema; serum sickness-like reactions; hemolytic anemia; interstitial nephritis; neutropenia; thrombocytopenia; CNS toxicity including convulsions; diarrhea; antibiotic-associated colitis; hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice; agranulocytosis.
Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis.
Drug Interactions
 Probenecid prolongs T1/2 of dicloxacillin. Bacteriostatic drugs eg chloramphenicol, tetracyclines; other antibacterials; anticoagulants.
See Below for More dicloxacillin Drug Interactions
Lab Interactions
 May interfere with diagnostic tests for urinary glucose using copper sulfate, direct Coomb's test, and test for urinary or serum proteins. May interfere with diagnostic tests that use bacteria.
Mechanism of Actions
 Dicloxacillin has antimicrobial action similar to benzylpenicillin and includes penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase-producing staphylococci. It is active against streptococci eg, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes is < that of benzylpenicillin, but sufficient to be useful when these organisms are present with penicillin-resistant staphylococci. It is ineffective against E. faecalis.
Administration
 Should be taken on an empty stomach. (Take on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.)
ATC Classification
 J01CF01 - dicloxacillin ; Belongs to the class of beta-lactamase resistant penicillins. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
Available As
  • Dicloxacillin 125 mg
  • Dicloxacillin 200 mg
  • Dicloxacillin 250 mg
  • Dicloxacillin 500 mg

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