Sparfloxacin

Indications
 Oral
Community-acquired pneumonia, Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Adult: 100-300 mg daily, as a single dose or 2 divided doses.
Renal impairment: Dosage adjustment may be necessary in severe impairment.

Special Populations: Renal impairment: Maintenance: 200 mg every other day.
Contraindications
 Hypersensitivity; pregnancy and lactation; children <18 yr.
Warnings / Precautions
 History of CNS disorders, pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection, severe renal dysfunction, epilepsy, G6PD deficiency, myasthenia gravis, patients with QT prolongation, uncorrected electrolyte disturbances, bradycardia, or pre-existing cardiac disease. Avoid exposure to strong sunlight or sunlamps during treatment. Discontinue treatment if patients experience tendon pain, inflammation or rupture; subsequent use of fluoroquinolones in these patients is not recommended. Avoid in MRSA infections due to high risk of resistance. Ensure adequate fluid intake to reduce risk of crystalluria.
Adverse Reactions
 Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting; jaundice, renal failure, elevation of liver enzymes, BUN and creatinine; anaphylactoid reaction, headache, dizziness, convulsions; tremors, myalgia; rhabdomyolysis, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia.
Potentially Fatal: AV block; anaphylaxis.
Drug Interactions
 Cations such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc and iron may reduce the bioavailability of sparfloxacin. May increase the plasma concentrations of theophylline and tizanidine. May enhance the effect of warfarin and glibenclamide. May decrease the renal clearance of methotrexate. Excretion may be reduced by probenecid. May alter serum levels of phenytoin.
Potentially Fatal: Corticosteroids may increase risk of tendon rupture. Increased risk of seizures with NSAIDs. Risk of additive QT prolongation effect when used with class Ia or III antiarrhythmic drugs, astemizole, terfenadine, cisapride, erythromycin, pentamidine, phenothiazines or TCAs.
See Below for More sparfloxacin Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Sparfloxacin inhibits the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase which is an enzyme essential for DNA replication thus promoting the breakage of DNA structures. It has activity against S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis and Mycobacterium spp.
Absorption: Well absorbed from the GI tract (oral); peak plasma concentrations after 3-6 hr.
Distribution: Widely distributed into tissues including respiratory tissues. Protein-binding: 45%.
Metabolism: Hepatic (by glucuronidation).
Excretion: Excreted in equal amounts in the urine and faeces as unchanged drug and glucuronide metabolites; elimination half-life: 20 hr.
Administration
 May be taken with or without food.
ATC Classification
 J01MA09 - sparfloxacin ; Belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
Available As
  • Sparfloxacin 0.3%
  • Sparfloxacin 0.3% w/v
  • Sparfloxacin 100 mg
  • Sparfloxacin 200 mg
  • Sparfloxacin 300 mg
  • Sparfloxacin 400 mg

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