Propofol

Indications
 Intravenous
Induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia
Adult: Induction: 40 mg by inj or infusion every 10 sec. Usual dose: 1.5-2.5 mg/kg. Maintenance: 4-12 mg/kg/hr or intermittent bolus inj of 20-50 mg.
Child: >8 yr: Induction dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Maintenance dose: 9-15 mg/kg/hr by IV infusion or intermittent bolus inj.
Elderly: Including neurosurgical and debilitated patients: Infuse at a rate of 20 mg every 10 sec. Maintenance: 3-6 mg/kg/hr. Usual dose needed: 1-1.5 mg/kg.
Intravenous
Sedation
Adult: In diagnostic and surgical procedures: Initially, 6-9 mg/kg/hr by infusion given for 3-5 minutes or an alternative dose of 0.5-1 mg/kg by slow inj over 1-5 minutes. Maintenance: 1.5-4.5 mg/kg/hr infusion. Reduce maintenance dose by 20% for high-risk patients needing sedation. For ventilated patients: 0.3-4 mg/kg/hr by infusion. Monitor lipid concentrations if duration of sedation lasts >3 days.

Special Populations: Reduce dose by 20% for high-risk patients needing sedation.
Contraindications
 Electroconvulsive therapy, obstetrics. Sedation in children ≤16 yr. Pregnancy, lactation.
Warnings / Precautions
 Paediatrics, elderly, hypovolaemia, epilepsy, lipid disorders, patients with increased intracranial pressure. Avoid rapid bolus doses in high risk patients. Emulsion formulation of propofol 2% should only be used in children >3 yr.
Adverse Reactions
 Involuntary muscle movements; nausea, vomiting, headache, fever; pain, burning or stinging at inj site.
Potentially Fatal: Apnoea, bradycardia, hypotension, convulsions; anaphylaxis.
Drug Interactions
 Reduce dose if given with nitrous oxide or halogenated anaesthetics. Increased sedative, anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects when used with other CNS depressants.
See Below for More propofol Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Propofol is a short-acting anaesthetic given for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia.
Onset: 30 sec.
Duration: 3-10 min.
Distribution: Extensively redistributed from brain to other tissues; crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Protein-binding: 95%
Metabolism: Extensively hepatic; converted to water-soluble sulfate and glucuronide conjugates.
Excretion: Urine (as metabolites); faeces. Elimination half-life:40 min (initial); 4-7 hr (terminal).
ATC Classification
 N01AX10 - propofol ; Belongs to the class of other general anesthetics.
Available As
  • Propofol 1%
  • Propofol 10 mg
  • Propofol 20 mg

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