Potassium Iodine

Indications
 Oral
Preoperative reduction of vascularity of the thyroid gland
Adult: As potassium iodide: 50-250 mg (approx 1-5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid for 10-14 days before surgery.
Child: As potassium iodide: 50-250 mg (approx 1-5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid for 10-14 days before surgery. As strong iodine solution: 0.1-0.3 ml (or approx 3-5 drops) tid.
Oral
Grave's disease
Child: Neonates: 1 drop of strong iodine solution every 8 hr.
Oral
Radiation protection against radioactive iodine
Adult: As potassium iodide: 100-150 mg 24 hr before procedure and daily for up to 10 days after procedure.
Child: As potassium iodide: Infants from birth to 1 mth with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 centigrays (cGy): 16 mg. >1 mth to 3 yr with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 cGy: 32 mg. >3 yr to 18 yr (except adolescents approaching adult size) with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 cGy: 65 mg. Do not exceed once-daily doses.
Oral
Cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
Adult: As potassium iodide solution containing 1 g/mL: Initially, 1 mL tid, should continue for at least 1 mth after disappearance or stabilisation of the lesions.
Child: As potassium iodide: Initially, 250 mg (approx 5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid. Max: 1.25-2 g (approx 25-40 drops) tid. Duration: 3-6 mth.
Oral
Iodine deficiency disorders
Adult: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): 400 mg iodine once yrly. Pregnant patient: 200 mg iodine as a single dose. Moderate to severe: 300-480 mg iodine each yr or 100-300 mg iodine every 6 mth and for at least 1 yr postpartum.
Child: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): Infants up to 1 yr: Single dose of 100 mg iodine; 1-5 yr: 200 mg iodine; >6 yr: 400 mg iodine.
Oral
Thyroid storm
Adult: As potassium iodide: Up to 500 mg every 4 hr.
Intramuscular
Iodine deficiency disorders
Adult: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): Up to 45 yr: 380 mg iodine, as single IM doses to provide adequate protection from iodine deficiency for up to 3 yr. Pregnant patient: Moderate to severe: 480 mg iodine each yr.
Child: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): 380 mg iodine, as single IM doses to provide adequate protection from iodine deficiency for up to 3 yr. Infants up to 1 yr: 190 mg iodine, as iodised oil (480 mg/ml iodine).
Topical/Cutaneous
Minor, superficial skin wounds
Adult: As 2% or 2.5% solution/ointment: Apply small amount to the affected area 1-3 times daily.
Child: As 2% or 2.5% solution/ointment: Apply small amount to the affected area 1-3 times daily.
Topical/Cutaneous
Cleaning wet ulcers and wounds
Adult: As 0.9% topical gel: Apply to clean wound. Max: 50 g/application and 150 g/wk. Change dressing about 3 times/wk and reduce applications as exudate decreases. Do not use for >3 mth and stop treatment when wound is free of exudate.
Child: As 0.9% topical gel: Apply to clean wound. Max: 50 g/application and 150 g/wk. Change dressing about 3 times/wk and reduce applications as exudate decreases. Do not use for >3 mth and stop treatment when wound is free of exudate.

Reconstitution: Administer potassium iodide solution in a large quantity (240 ml) of water, fruit juice, milk formula or broth.
Contraindications
 Hypersensitivity. Acute bronchitis (potassium iodide).
Warnings / Precautions
 Children. Adult >45 yr. Topical applications should not be covered with occlusive dressings. Nodular goitre. Renal impairment. Hypocomplemetemic vasculitis. TB (potassium iodide). Pregnancy and lactation.
Adverse Reactions
 Oral/Topical: Hypersensitivity reactions (urticaria, angioedema, cutaneous haemorrhage, purpura, fever, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia); goitre, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Iodism on prolonged use (metallic taste, increased salivation, swelling and inflammation of throat, swollen and irritated eyes, pulmonary oedema, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea).
Potentially Fatal: Fatal periarteritis, ioderma.
Overdose Reactions
 Symptoms: Metallic taste, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea, thirst, headache. Systemic toxicity may result in shock, tachycardia, fever, metabolic acidosis, renal impairment. Management: Milk or starch mucilage may be given. Oral treatment may also include activated charcoal or 1% sodium thiosulfate solution.
Drug Interactions
 Additive or synergistic hypothyroid effect with lithium salts, antithyroid agents. Additive hyperkalaemia with combined use of potassium iodide and potassium-containing drugs or potassium-sparing diuretics.
See Below for More iodine Drug Interactions
Lab Interactions
 May interfere with thyroid function tests.
Mechanism of Actions
 Oral iodine (converted to iodide) is essential for synthesis of thyroid hormones. Topical iodine acts as a local irritant and as a germicide active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, trichomonas, cysts, viruses and some spores.
Absorption: Slightly absorbed (topical); transported and concentrated in the thyroid gland (oral).
Distribution: Oral: Crosses the placenta; enters breast milk.
Excretion: Oral: Mainly via urine; via faeces, saliva and sweat (small amounts).
Storage Conditions
 Intramuscular: Store in tight, light-resistant containers. Oral: Oral solution: Store in tight, light-resistant containers below 40°C (preferably between 15-30°C). Do not freeze. Tablet: Store at 15-30°C. Topical/Cutaneous: Store in tight, light-resistant containers at a temperature not exceeding 35°C. Store tincture in tight containers.
ATC Classification
 D08AG03 - iodine ; Belongs to the class of iodine product antiseptics. Used in the treatment of dermatological diseases.
Storage
 Intramuscular: Store in tight, light-resistant containers. Oral: Oral solution: Store in tight, light-resistant containers below 40°C (preferably between 15-30°C). Do not freeze. Tablet: Store at 15-30°C. Topical/Cutaneous: Store in tight, light-resistant containers at a temperature not exceeding 35°C. Store tincture in tight containers.
Available As
  • Potassium Iodine 0.0015 mg
  • Potassium Iodine 0.013 mg
  • Potassium Iodine 0.1 mg
  • Potassium Iodine 0.15 mg
  • Potassium Iodine 0.2 mg
  • Potassium Iodine 0.5% w/v
  • Potassium Iodine 10% w/v
  • Potassium Iodine 100 mcg
  • Potassium Iodine 150 mcg
  • Potassium Iodine 2% w/v
  • Potassium Iodine 50 mcg

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