Indications |
Oral HIV infection Adult: 150 mg bid or 300 mg once daily, in combination with other antiretrovirals. Child: 3 mth-12 yr: 4 mg/kg bid. Max: 300 mg/day. Renal impairment: Dialysis patients: Not recommended.
Oral Chronic hepatitis B Adult: 100 mg once daily. For patients with concomitant HIV infection: 300 mg once daily or in 2 divided doses. Child: >2 yr: 3 mg/kg once daily. Max: 100 mg/day. Renal impairment: Haemodialysis patients: Dose adjustment in accordance with CrCl. Peritoneal dialysis patients: Not recommended.
Special Populations: Reduce dose in patients with renal impairment. |
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Contraindications |
Hypersensitivity. Lactation. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Warnings / Precautions |
Discontinue use if there is rapid increase in aminotransferase levels, progressive hepatomegaly, or metabolic or lactic acidosis of unknown origin. Discontinue use if clinical signs, symptoms or lab abnormalities suggestive of pancreatitis develop. Hepatomegaly or other risk factors for hepatic impairment. Monitor hepatic function in chronic hepatitis B patients. Exclude HIV infection prior to hepatitis B therapy. Renal impairment. Pregnancy. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adverse Reactions |
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, insomnia, cough, nasal symptoms, arthralgia, muscle pain, headache, fever, rash, alopecia, malaise, increased creatinine phosphokinase and alanine aminotransferase, peripheral neuropathy. Rarely rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, hepatitis. Neutropenia and anaemia (in combination with zidovudine), thrombocytopenia, increases in LFTs. Paronychia. Angioedema, urticaria, and anaphylactoid reaction. Potentially Fatal: Lactic acidosis associated with severe hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis. |
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Drug Interactions |
Renal excretion may be inhibited by high doses of trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole). May antagonise the antiviral action of zalcitabine. See Below for More lamivudine Drug Interactions |
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Mechanism of Actions |
Lamivudine, a nucleoside analogue, is phosphorylated in the body to the active triphosphate form. In the active form, it inhibits hepatitis B virus polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase enzymes. Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract, delayed if taken with food (oral); peak plasma concentrations after 1 hr. Distribution: Crosses the blood-brain barrier and placenta; enters breast milk. Protein-binding: Up to 36%. Metabolism: Intracellular; low hepatic metabolism. Excretion: Via urine (as unchanged drug); 5-7 hr (elimination half-life). |
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Administration |
May be taken with or without food. |
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Storage Conditions |
Oral: Store at 25°C (77°F). | ||||||||||||||||||||
ATC Classification |
J05AF05 - lamivudine ; Belongs to the class of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment of viral infections. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Storage |
Oral: Store at 25°C (77°F). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Available As |
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Lamivudine
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Lamivudine Containing Brands
Lamivudine is used in following diseases
Drug - Drug Interactions of Lamivudine
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