Halothane

Indications
 Inhalation
Induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia
Adult: Induction: 2-4% v/v of halothane in O2 or mixtures of nitrous oxide and O2. Alternatively, 0.5% v/v of halothane may be used for induction and gradually increased to the required level for maintenance of anaesthesia. Maintain anesthesia at 0.5-2% v/v depending on the flow rate used.
Child: Induction: 1.5-2% v/v. Maintenance of anaesthesia: 0.5-2% v/v depending on the flow rate used.

Incompatibility: Reacts with many metals when in contact with moisture. Rubber and some plastics deteriorate when in contact with halothane vapour or liquid.
Contraindications
 Obstetrics; malignant hyperthermia; porphyria.
Warnings / Precautions
 Phaeochromocytoma; poor cardiac/liver function, early pregnancy. Premedication with atropine is recommended to decrease vagal tone and prevent bradycardia and severe hypotension. May trigger malignant hyperthermia and increase intracranial pressure. Increased risk of hyperkalaemia in paediatrics with underlying neuromuscular disorders. May reduce hepatic, renal and splenic blood flow.
Adverse Reactions
 Bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, shivering during recovery (occasional), hepatitis (multiple exposure).
Potentially Fatal: Fulminant hepatic failure, malignant hyperpyrexia and pulmonary oedema.
Overdose Reactions
 Bradycardia and profound hypotension.
Drug Interactions
 Adrenaline, other sympathomimetics, and theophylline can produce cardiac arrhythmias. Morphine and chlorpromazine may increase depressant effects of halothane on respiration. Increased risk of phenytoin intoxication when used together. Midazolam may potentiate the anaesthetic action of halothane.
Potentially Fatal: Dopaminergics increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Neuromuscular blocking drugs are potentiated by halothane.
See Below for More halothane Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Halothane causes reversible CNS depression; sympathetic system is more depressed than the parasympathetic. Respiration is progressively depressed. BP, heart rate, cardiac output and coronary blood flow are reduced.
Absorption: Well absorbed (inhalation).
Distribution: Soluble in the neutral fats of adipose tissue. Crosses the placenta and enters breast milk.
Metabolism: Hepatic; converted to trifluoroacetic acid, bromide and chloride salts (oxidative pathway) and fluoride salts (reductive pathway).
Excretion: Lungs (as unchanged drug).
Storage Conditions
 Inhalation: Store at 15-25°C.
ATC Classification
 N01AB01 - halothane ; Belongs to the class of halogenated hydrocarbons. Used as general anesthetics.
Storage
 Inhalation: Store at 15-25°C.
Available As
  • Halothane 200 ml
  • Halothane 250 ml
  • Halothane 30 ml
  • Halothane 50 ml

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