Dopamine

Indications
 Intravenous
Acute heart failure
Adult: As hydrochloride: Initially, 1-5 mcg/kg/min increased gradually by up to 5-10 mcg/kg/min according to the patient's BP, cardiac output and urine output. Up to 20-50 mcg/kg/min may be required in seriously ill patients.
Contraindications
 Pheochromocytoma, uncorrected tachyarrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation. Hypersensitivity.
Warnings / Precautions
 Shock secondary to MI, history of peripheral vascular disease. Correct hypovolaemia before infusion. History of occlusive vascular disease e.g, atherosclerosis, Raynaud's disease, Buerger's disease, diabetic endarteritis; disproportionate increase in diastolic pressure. Pregnancy.
Adverse Reactions
 Nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, ectopic beats, palpitation, anginal pain, hypotension, vasoconstriction, bradycardia, hypertension, dyspnoea, headache, widened QRS complexes, azotaemia.
Overdose Reactions
 Symptoms include excessive BP elevation. Treatment includes reducing rate of admin or temporarily discontinuing therapy until patient's condition stabilises. Usually, no additional remedial measures are needed as dopamine has short duration of action. In severe cases, short-acting α-adrenergic blocking agent, phentolamine, may be used.
Drug Interactions
 Cyclopropane and halogenated hydrocarbon anaesthetics may sensitise myocardium to dopamine and precipitate ventricular arrhythmias. MAO inhibitors prolong and increase dopamine effects. Ergots potentiate vasoconstriction action of dopamine. Alpha-blockers unmask dopamine's beta action.
See Below for More dopamine Drug Interactions
Lab Interactions
 Suppresses pituitary secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone and prolactin.
Mechanism of Actions
 Dopamine stimulates dopaminergic receptors at lower doses producing renal and mesenteric vasodilation while at higher doses stimulate both dopaminergic and β-adrenergic receptors producing cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilation. It increases heart rate and force of contraction. At low infusion rates vasodilatation occurs in the renal, mesenteric, coronary and cerebral beds. At higher rates vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles and a rise in BP.
Absorption: Inactivated in the GI tract and body (oral).
Metabolism: Into dopamine-related products; converted to noradrenaline.
Excretion: Eliminated as metabolic products of noradrenaline; 2 min (elimination half-life).
Storage Conditions
 Intravenous: Store below 30°C.
ATC Classification
 C01CA04 - dopamine ; Belongs to the class of adrenergic and dopaminergic cardiac stimulants excluding glycosides. Used in the treatment of heart failure.
Storage
 Intravenous: Store below 30°C.
Available As
  • Dopamine 40 mg
  • Dopamine 50 mg

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