Indications |
Oral Primary and secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia Adult: 50 mg daily, with pyrimethamine 50 mg once wkly. Alternatively, 100 mg with pyrimethamine 50 mg twice wkly. Child: 1 mth-18 yr: 2 mg/kg daily (max: 100 mg daily) or 4 mg/kg wkly (max: 200 mg wkly). Oral Multibacillary leprosy Adult: 100 mg daily with clofazimine 50 mg daily, together with rifampicin 600 mg and clofazimine 300 mg once a mth for 12 mth. <35 kg: dapsone dose: 1-2 mg/kg/day. Child: and child 10-14 yr old: daily doses of dapsone 50 mg, or 1 to 2 mg/kg if their body-weight is low Oral Paucibacillary leprosy Adult: 100 mg daily with 600 mg rifampicin once a mth, both given for 6 mth. Child: Reduce dose as for multibacillary leprosy. Oral Dermatitis herpetiformis Adult: Initially, 50 mg daily increased gradually to 300 mg daily if required. Topical/Cutaneous Acne Adult: ≥ 12 yr: As 5% gel: Apply a pea-sized amount thinly to the affected area bid, after washing and patting dry the skin with a clean towel. Rub the gel in, gently and completely, and wash hands after application. Reassess if no improvement after 12 wk. |
Contraindications |
Hypersensitivity. Severe anaemia, porphyria. |
Warnings / Precautions |
G6PD deficiency, methaemoglobin or Hb M. Perform regular blood counts and monitor liver function regularly. Pregnancy and lactation. |
Adverse Reactions |
Anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia (dose-related), nephrotic syndrome, psychological changes, hepatitis. Others: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, maculopapular rash, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Topical: Dryness, redness, oiliness and peeling at application site. Potentially Fatal: Agranulocytosis, serious cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, exfoliative dermatitis. |
Overdose Reactions |
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, hyperexcitability (within a few min to up to 24 hr later), methemoglobin-induced depression, haemolysis (7-14 days after ingestion), seizures and severe cyanosis. Treatment: activated charcoal (20g four times daily) and haemolysis may enhance elimination of dapsone and its monoacetyl derivative. For patients without G6PD deficiency, methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue 1-2 mg/kg given by slow IV injection (repeated if methemoglobin reaccumulates) or in less severe cases, 3-5 mg/kg every 4-6 hr orally. |
Drug Interactions |
Decreased serum conc of dapsone when used with rifampicin. Increased plasma conc with probenecid, trimethoprim. Antagonize clofazimine. See Below for More dapsone Drug Interactions |
Mechanism of Actions |
Dapsone inhibits folic acid synthesis by preventing normal bacterial utilization of PABA (PABA). Absorption: Completely absorbed from the GI tract (oral); peak plasma concentrations after 2-8 hr. Distribution: Saliva, crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Protein-binding: 50-80% (plasma proteins); 100% (monoacetylated metabolite). Metabolism: Acetylated to monoacetyldapsone (major metabolite and other mono and diacetyl derivatives); hydroxylation (to hydroxylamine dapsone); undergoes enterohepatic recycling. Excretion: Via urine (20% as unchanged drug). |
Administration |
Should be taken with food. |
Storage Conditions |
Oral: Store at 15-30°C. Topical/Cutaneous: Store at 15-30°C. Protect from light. |
ATC Classification |
J04BA02 - dapsone ; Belongs to the class of drugs used in the systemic treatment of lepra. |
Storage |
Oral: Store at 15-30°C. Topical/Cutaneous: Store at 15-30°C. Protect from light. |
Available As |
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Dapsone
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Dapsone Containing Brands
Dapsone is used in following diseases
Drug - Drug Interactions of Dapsone
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