Indications |
Oral Hypertension Adult: 25-100 mg daily as a single dose, depending on response. Takes 1-2 wk for full effect to be observed.
Oral Angina pectoris Adult: 50-100 mg daily given as single or divided doses. Max dose: 200 mg daily.
Oral Prophylaxis of migraine Adult: 50-100 mg daily.
Intravenous Emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias Adult: 2.5 mg injected at a rate of 1 mg/minute, may repeat every 5 minutes if needed. Max: 10 mg. Alternatively, 150 mcg/kg to be infused over 20 minutes. May repeat Inj or infusion procedure every 12 hr as needed. Once control is achieved, maintain with oral doses of 50-100 mg/day.
Intravenous Acute myocardial infarction Adult: To be given within 12 hr of the onset of chest pain. Inject 5-10 mg slowly at a rate of 1 mg/minute, followed by an oral dose of 50 mg 15 minutes later (if no adverse effects result from the inj). Alternatively, repeat an IV dose of 5 mg 10 minutes after the initial doser followed by an oral dose of 50 mg 10 minutes after the last IV dose. A further oral dose of 50 mg may be given 12 hr later. Thereafter, maintain with 50 mg every 12 hr or 100 mg/day for 6-9 days post-MI.
Special Populations: Renal impairment: CrCl: 15-35 mL/min: 50 mg daily by mouth or 10 mg once every 2 days IV; <15 mL/min: 25 mg daily by mouth or 10 mg once every 4 days IV. |
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Contraindications |
Hypersensitivity. Sinus bradycardia, sinus node dysfunction, heart block >1st degree, compensated cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, bronchospastic diseases, peripheral vascular diseases. Pregnancy. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warnings / Precautions |
Compensated heart failure. Variant angina, acute MI, DM; peripheral vascular disorders; hepatic and renal dysfunction; elderly patients, children. Lactation. If atenolol and clonidine are co-admin, then gradual withdrawal of clonidine should take place a few days after withdrawal of atenolol. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adverse Reactions |
Bronchospasm; cold extremities, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, lethargy, confusion, headache, depression, nightmares, nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, impotence and paraesthesia. Potentially Fatal: Heart failure, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block. |
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Overdose Reactions |
Symptoms include lethargy, sinus pause, bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm and/or hypoglycaemia. Unabsorbed drug may be removed by induced emesis, gastric lavage or admin of activated charcoal. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drug Interactions |
Decreased effect with aluminum and calcium salts, barbiturates, cholestyramine, NSAIDs, ampicillin, rifampicin. Potentially Fatal: May increase effects of drugs which slow AV conduction (digoxin, verapamil, diltiazem). See Below for More atenolol Drug Interactions |
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Lab Interactions |
Increased glucose levels, decreased HDL. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mechanism of Actions |
Atenolol is a competitive cardioselective β1-blocker. It does not have effect on β2-receptors except in high doses. Its cardioselectivity is dose-related. Atenolol reduces resting and exercise-induced heart rate as well as myocardial contractility. Peripheral β-blockade may result in vasoconstriction. Atenolol reduces BP and heart rate which results in reduced myocardial work and O2 requirement leading to improved exercise tolerance and reduced frequency and intensity of anginal attack. Absorption: Incompletely absorbed from the GI tract (oral); peak plasma concentrations after 1-4 hr. Distribution: Low lipid solubility, blood-brain barrier (small amounts); crosses the placenta and enters breast milk (concentrations higher than those in plasma). Protein-binding: Minimal. Metabolism: Hepatic: Minimal. Excretion: Via urine; elimination half-life: 6-7 hr. |
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Administration |
May be taken with or without food. |
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Storage Conditions |
Intravenous: Store at 20-25°C. Oral: Store at 20-25°C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ATC Classification |
C07AB03 - atenolol ; Belongs to the class of selective beta-blocking agents. Used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Storage |
Intravenous: Store at 20-25°C. Oral: Store at 20-25°C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available As |
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Atenolol
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Drug - Drug Interactions of Atenolol
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