Indications |
Intravenous As an acidifying agent Adult: Dosage depends on severity of the condition and tolerance of the patient. Solution should be diluted before use and rate of IV infusion should not exceed 5 ml/minute. Monitor dosage by repeating serum bicarbonate determinations. Reconstitution: Dilute before use; final concentration should not exceed 1-2% ammonium chloride. Solution containing 100-200 mEq of ammonium chloride should be diluted with 500 or 1000 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride inj prior to admin. Incompatibility: Incompatible with levorphanol when admixed. |
Contraindications |
Severe renal or hepatic impairment. |
Warnings / Precautions |
Monitor for signs of ammonia toxicity e.g. pallor, sweating, vomiting, bradycardia, irregular breathing and tonic seizures. Monitor the carbon dioxide combining power of the serum before and during treatment to prevent severe acidosis. Caution when used in patients with pulmonary insufficiency, cardiac oedema. Not to be used in patients with high total carbon dioxide and buffer base secondary to primary respiratory acidosis. Not to be used alone when metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting of hydrochloric acid is accompanied by loss of sodium. Safety and efficacy have not been established in children. Pregnancy. |
Adverse Reactions |
Pain and irritation at the site of inj or along the venous route if the rate of IV admin is too rapid. Rash, headache, progressive drowsiness, mental confusion, hyperventilation, bradycardia and phases of excitement alternating with coma. |
Overdose Reactions |
Overdosage may lead to serious metabolic acidosis, disorientation, confusion and coma. Treatment: Administer an alkalinising solution such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate to correct the acidosis. |
Mechanism of Actions |
Ammonium chloride is an acidifying agent; it increases acidity by increasing free hydrogen ion concentration. It is used in patients with metabolic alkalosis as a result of chloride loss after vomiting, gastric suction, gastric fistula drainage and pyloric stenosis. It has also been used in the treatment of diuretic-induced chloride depletion and alkalosis resulting from excessive use of alkalinising drugs. Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from GI tract after oral admin. Metabolism: Metabolised hepatically to form urea and hydrochloric acid. Excretion: Eliminated renally. |
Storage Conditions |
Intravenous: Store at 15-30°C. |
ATC Classification |
G04BA01 - ammonium chloride ; Belongs to the class of acidifiers. Used in the treatment of urological problems. B05XA04 - ammonium chloride ; Belongs to the class of electrolyte solutions used in I.V. solutions. |
Storage |
Intravenous: Store at 15-30°C. |
Available As |
|
Ammonium Chloride
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Ammonium Chloride Containing Brands
Ammonium Chloride is used in following diseases
Drug - Drug Interactions of Ammonium Chloride
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