Indications |
Oral Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adult: Initially, 25 mg daily. May adjust dose at 4-8 wkly intervals based on tolerance and 1-hr post-prandial blood glucose levels. Maintenance dose: 50-100 mg tid. Max: ≤60 kg: 50 mg tid; >60 kg: 100 mg tid.
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Contraindications |
Patients <18 yr; diabetic ketoacidosis or cirrhosis; malabsorption; inflammatory bowel disease; with or pre-disposed to intestinal obstruction; intestinal diseases that affect digestion or absorption; conditions that worsen as a result of increased gas formation e.g. hernias; colonic ulcers; hepatic impairment; CrClr< 25 ml/min/1.73m2. Pregnancy, lactation. | ||||
Warnings / Precautions |
Monitor LFT every 3 mth for 1st yr and periodically thereafter especially for doses >50 mg tid. Reduce dose or withdraw therapy if transaminases elevations persist. If hypoglycaemia occurs, give glucose orally as a 1st aid measure. Adhere strictly to the prescribed diabetic diet to avoid intensification of GI symptoms. | ||||
Adverse Reactions |
Flatulence, abdominal pain, distension, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting. Elevation of transaminases, hepatitis, jaundice. Rarely, skin reactions. Potentially Fatal: Hepatotoxicity. |
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Overdose Reactions |
Symptoms: Transient increases in flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort. Management: Patient should not be given drinks or meals containing carbohydrates for the next 4-6 hr. | ||||
Drug Interactions |
Drugs that may increase blood glucose levels e.g. thiazides, steroids, chlorpromazine, atypical antipsychotics, may antagonise the action of acarbose. GI adsorbents and digestive enzyme preparations may reduce acarbose effects; avoid concomitant admin. Cholestyramine may enhance effects of acarbose. Effects of other hypoglycaemics may be potentiated by acarbose. Neomycin may enhance reduction of postprandial blood-glucose and intensify GI symptoms. Acarbose may reduce digoxin bioavailability. May interact with warfarin and affect INR. Increased risk of hypoglycaemia with disopyramide. See Below for More acarbose Drug Interactions |
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Mechanism of Actions |
Acarbose competitively and reversibly inhibits pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal brush border α-glucosidases, resulting in retardation of glucose absorption from hydrolysed complex carbohydrates and reduction of blood-glucose concentrations. Absorption: 35% absorbed from the GI tract (oral). Metabolism: Intestines by microbial flora and intestinal enzymes. Excretion: Via urine and faeces. |
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Administration |
Should be taken with food. (Take w/ 1st bite of each main meal.) |
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Storage Conditions |
Oral: Store below 25°C. | ||||
ATC Classification |
A10BF01 - acarbose ; Belongs to the class of alpha glucosidase inhibitors. Used in the treatment of diabetes. | ||||
Storage |
Oral: Store below 25°C. | ||||
Available As |
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Acarbose
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Acarbose Containing Brands
Acarbose is used in following diseases
Drug - Drug Interactions of Acarbose
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