Abacavir

Indications
Oral
HIV infection
Adult: Combined with other antiretrovirals: 300 mg bid or 600 mg once daily.
Child: Combined with other antiretrovirals: >3 mth: 8 mg/kg bid. Max: 600 mg daily.
Renal impairment: Avoid in end stage renal disease.
Hepatic impairment: Child pugh category A: 200 mg bid. Avoid in moderate-severe impairment.
Contraindications
Moderate to severe renal and hepatic impairment; end stage renal disease; history of hypersensitivity reactions. Pregnancy and lactation.
Warnings / Precautions
Renal or mild liver impairment; risk for liver impairment. Discontinued when hepatomegaly and unexplained metabolic acidosis develops, or liver function deteriorates. May impair ability to drive or engage in tasks requiring alertness. Discontinue treatment as soon as hypersensitivity is suspected.
Adverse Reactions
Anorexia, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, fever, cough, dyspnoea, fatigue, malaise, lethargy, abdominal pain. Pancreatitis and elevated blood glucose and TG concentrations.
Potentially Fatal: Severe hypersensitivity reactions.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol may cause decreased elimination of abacavir. Lactic acidosis with nucleoside analogues concomitantly. Decreased serum concentrations of methadone.
See Below for More abacavir Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
Abacavir is converted to the active form carbovir triphosphate intracellularly. It competitively inhibits the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses interfering with HIV viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase resulting in inhibition of viral replication.
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration with an oral bioavailability of about 80%.
Distribution: 50% bound to plasma proteins. Crosses the blood brain barrier.
Metabolism: Undergoes intracellular metabolism to carbovir triphosphate which is the active metabolite.
Excretion: Elimination half-life: About 1.5 hr after a single oral dose. Elimination by hepatic metabolism mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase and glucuronidation. The metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine.
Administration
May be taken with or without food.
Storage Conditions
Oral: Store at 20-25°C.
ATC Classification
J05AF06 - abacavir ; Belongs to the class of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment of viral infections.
Storage
Oral: Store at 20-25°C.
Available As
  • Abacavir 300 mg
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